Summa theologica by Thomas Aquinas — cover

Summa theologica

Summa theologica is a work of theology written by Thomas Aquinas between 1265 and 1274. Aquinas stopped writing in December 1273 and died the following year, so the work is unfinished: the closing section was assembled after his death from his earlier writings.

It was written for students beginning theology, and it moves from God and creation to human nature and moral action, and then to the person and work of Christ and the sacraments.

Each question is broken into articles that first state the objections, then give Aquinas's answer, then reply to each objection in turn. The extract below is the opening article, which asks whether any teaching beyond philosophy is needed at all.

"Whether, besides Philosophy, any Further Doctrine Is Required?
Objection 1: It seems that, besides philosophical science, we have no need of any further knowledge. For man should not seek to know what is above reason: "Seek not the things that are too high for thee" (Ecclus. 3:22). But whatever is not above reason is fully treated of in philosophical science. Therefore any other knowledge besides philosophical science is superfluous."

This edition of Summa theologica is based on Fathers of the English Dominican Province's translation.

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Philosophy Theology Existence of God Nature of God Moral Philosophy Natural Law Christian Ethics

Public domain (US)·No sign-up·DRM-free·Real text, not scans

Pages
6015
Reading time
0 minutes
Pace
Slow
First published
1274
Language
Latin
Downloads
3,761

752 years later, still timely

Why Read Summa Theologica in 2026?

A cathedral of reasoning: questions, objections, answers—built like sturdy scaffolding for thought. Not a quick read, but an unmatched model of clarity.

Today's connection

Use it to learn how to argue fairly: state the other side well, distinguish terms, and conclude with reasons not volume. Excellent for philosophy and debate groups.

Structure that teaches

Objections steel the answer.

Definitions first

Terms clarified before claims.

Intellectual charity

Opponents treated as partners in truth.

Perfect for Students of Theology Philosophers Scholars of Christian Doctrine Readers Interested in Medieval Studies

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About the author

Portrait of Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas · 1225–1274

Reason and theology woven; law, virtue, and metaphysics in disciplined argument.

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